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El estudio tuvo como Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo y medidas preventivas del cáncer de mama en pacientes mujeres atendidas en el centro de salud Subtanjalla de Ica -2019. Material y métodos: De tipo no experimental, descriptivo, transversal, con muestra de 108 mujeres, aplicándose un cuestionario estructurado de 15 preguntas, validado por expertos, y con Alfa de Cronbach de 0.77. Resultados: Los factores más relevantes menarquia precoz, que fue a los 12 años en el 35%, los antecedentes familiares con cáncer con un 51%, el 44% utiliza el inyectable como método anticonceptivo, el 65% a veces consume bebidas alcohólicas; en las medidas preventivas el 75% no realiza actividad física, el 49% no consume frutas y verduras frecuentemente, el 44% no se realiza el autoexamen de mama; según los factores de riesgo; el 44% de mujeres tienen entre 21 a 30 años; el 35% de mujeres tuvo su primera menstruación a los 12 años; el 32% de mujeres no utiliza ningún método anticonceptivo;, el 51% de mujeres tienen antecedentes de cáncer; el 81% de mujeres no consume cigarrillos, el 69% de mujeres consume bebidas alcohólicas a veces. El 75% de mujeres no realiza actividad preventiva, el 49% de mujeres tienen dieta saludable; el 44% de mujeres refiere realizar cada mes el autoexamen de mama. Conclusiones: Los datos estadísticos demuestran que existen factores de riesgo y medidas preventivas del cáncer de mama.
The study was Objective: To identify the risk factors and preventive measures of breast cancer in female patients treated at the Subtanjalla health center in Ica -2019. Material and methods:Non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional, with a sample of 108 women, applying a structured questionnaire of 15 questions, validated by experts, and with Cronbach's Alpha of 0.77. Results:The most relevant factors were early menarche, which was at 12 years of age in 35%, a family history of cancer with 51%, 44% used injectables as a contraceptive method, 65% sometimes consumed alcoholic beverages; In preventive measures, 75% do not perform physical activity, 49% do not consume fruits and vegetables frequently, 44% do not perform breast self-examination; according to risk factors; 44% of women are between 21 and 30 years old; 35% of women had their first menstruation at age 12; 32% of women do not use any contraceptive method; 51% of women have a history of cancer; 81% of women do not consume cigarettes, 69% of women sometimes consume alcoholic beverages. 75% of women do not carry out preventive activity, 49% of women have a healthy diet; 44% of women report performing a breast self-examination every month. Conclusions:Statistical data demonstrate that there are risk factors and preventive measures for breast cancer.Keywords: Risk factors, preventive measures, cancer.
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Desde la segunda mitad de 2022 se ha reportado un aumento de casos de influenza en aves migratorias en Latinoamérica. Los virus influenza A y B son los principales agentes asociados a influenza estacional epidémica en humanos. Los virus influenza A circulan no solo en humanos sino también en animales, incluyendo aves migratorias. El intercambio de segmentos de ARN genómico entre dos virus del mismo tipo aumenta la diversidad de los subtipos circulantes e incluso puede facilitar la generación de progenie viral potencialmente pandémica. La naturaleza zoonótica del virus influenza A puede generar infecciones en humanos con virus de origen animal. El virus influenza A de origen aviar ha ocasionado transmisiones en humanos, incluyendo casos graves y muertes, siendo la influenza A H5N1 la más destacada. Es importante tomar medidas de prevención y control en caso de aumento de casos de influenza en aves migratorias para prevenir posibles pandemias en Chile y el mundo.
Since the second half of 2022, an increase in influenza cases in migratory birds has been reported in Latin America. Influenza A and B viruses are the main agents associated with seasonal epidemic influenza in humans. Influenza A viruses circulate not only in humans but also in animals, including migratory birds. The exchange of genomic RNA segments among two viruses increases the diversity of circulating subtypes and may even facilitate the generation of potentially pandemic viral progeny. The zoonotic nature of influenza A virus can generate infections in humans with animal-origin viruses. Avian-origin influenza A virus has caused transmissions in humans, including severe cases and deaths, with influenza A H5N1 being the most prominent. It is important to take preventive and control measures in case of an increase in influenza cases in migratory birds to prevent possible pandemics in Chile and the world.
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Background: The re-emerging Monkeypox disease is spreading worldwide, thus if prevention measures are not followed or awareness is not raised, chaos could result. Aims and Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the awareness and preventive measures of Monkeypox among medical students in a tertiary care hospital of Kolkata. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based, descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional study was conducted over 6 weeks, among final year MBBS students of Medical College Kolkata. Convenience sampling was done. Minimum sample size calculated was 110. A pre-designed, pre-tested, semi-structured, and self-administered questionnaire which was face and content validated by experts used as the study tool in this study. Questionnaire was answered while keeping their identities confidential. Data were collected and entered in a coded manner in MS Excel. Using SPSS version 25, tabulation, the necessary tables, and diagrams were created. The Institutional Ethics Committee of the Medical College in Kolkata was consulted for ethical approval. Results: The students lacked sufficient information. Majority of them responded well when asked about the disease’s cause, incubation period, natural host signs and symptoms, mode of transmission, preventive measures, and treatment, but it was clear that they were unsure about identification of a suspected, probable, or confirmed case and definitive diagnosis. Conclusion: The present study reported that the students had limited knowledge about Monkeypox disease.
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RESUMO Objetivo Identificar os efeitos de medidas profiláticas, não farmacológicas, sobre a progressão da disfagia em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço submetidos a radioterapia. Estratégia de pesquisa A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados Medline (via PubMed), Scopus e Embase, assim como na literatura cinzenta. Critérios de seleção Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados, com pacientes adultos (≥ 18 anos) e diagnóstico de câncer de cabeça e pescoço, tratados com radioterapia (associada ou não à cirurgia e quimioterapia) submetidos a protocolos não farmacológicos de prevenção da disfagia. Análise dos dados O risco de viés foi avaliado por meio da escala PEDRO e a qualidade global da evidência foi avaliada de acordo com o instrumento GRADE. Resultados Foram considerados elegíveis 4 estudos, e desses, dois foram incluídos na metanálise. O resultado favoreceu o grupo intervenção, com diferença média de 1,27 [IC 95%: 0,74 à 1,80]. Houve baixa heterogeneidade e a pontuação média para risco de viés foi de 7,5 de um total de 11 pontos. A falta de detalhamento nos cuidados com os vieses de seleção, performance, detecção, atrito e de relato contribuíram para o julgamento da qualidade da evidência, considerada baixa. Conclusão Medidas profiláticas de contenção da disfagia podem promover importantes benefícios sobre a ingesta oral dos pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço, quando comparados aqueles que não realizaram tal medida terapêutica ao longo da radioterapia.
ABSTRACT Purpose To identify the effects of prophylactic, non-pharmacological measures on the progression of dysphagia in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Research strategies The search was performed in Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, and Embase databases, as well as in the gray literature. Selection criteria Randomized clinical trials were included, with adult patients (≥ 18 years old) and diagnosed with head and neck cancer, treated with radiotherapy (with or without surgery and chemotherapy), and submitted to non-pharmacological protocols for the prevention of dysphagia. Data analysis The risk of bias was assessed using the PEDRO scale and the overall quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE instrument. Results Four studies were considered eligible, and of these, two were included in the meta-analysis. The result favored the intervention group, with a mean difference of 1.27 [95% CI: 0.74 to 1.80]. There was low heterogeneity and the mean score for risk of bias was 7.5 out of 11 points. The lack of detail in the care with selection, performance, detection, attrition, and reporting biases contributed to the judgment of the quality of the evidence, considered low. Conclusion Prophylactic measures to contain dysphagia can promote important benefits on the oral intake of patients with head and neck cancer when compared to those who did not undergo such a therapeutic measure during radiotherapy.
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To date, malaria is still a major public health issue in the world. Africa remains the most affected continent with the highest malaria cases and deaths. Since more than one thousand Chinese citizens are living in Nigeria, examination of their knowledge, attitude, and practice compared with those of the local people may be essential towards malaria prevention. This study adopted cross-sectional research. A total of 137 Chinese people and 299 local people residing in Kano State, Nigeria constituted the study subjects. A questionnaire was used for the collection of data on socio-demography and predictors of attitudes. The Cronbach alpha statistic was used to analyze these data. Insecticide spraying, mosquito repellents, wearing protective clothing at night are the malaria preventive measures by both the local and Chinese people living in Kano state, Nigeria. However, there is a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the two groups, with a duration of stay in Nigeria, the use of mosquito, attitude, and practices playing impactful roles among the Chinese people. Hence, Chinese people demonstrated better knowledge and control of malaria transmission and prevention than the local people living in Kano state. In conclusion, attitudes and practices toward malaria diseases are the major causes of a high rate of malaria in Nigeria, particularly in Kano State.
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Therapeutics , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Disease Prevention , MalariaABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the changes of antibody levels in positive patients with epidemic hemorrhagic fever(EHF) in Dongwan, and to provide effective theoretical guidance for the prevention . Methods From January 2018 to April 2022, the antibody test and general sociological characteristics, such as age, sex, occupation of 153 patients who were confirmed to be positive for serum EHF antibody by establishing infectious disease report cards were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using t test and 2test. Results Among of 153 patients , 70 were IgG positive, and the antibody positive rate was 45.75%. There was no significant difference in IgG antibody positive rate between EHF patients of different gender（χ2=0.165，P=0.685）. Commercial services (76.90%), workers (34.10%), unemployed or retired (44.10%) had the highest antibody positive rate. The IgG positive rate of EHF patients in different age groups was different. The antibody positive rate was the highest in the age group of 25-35 years old, and the antibody positive rate was lower in the age group of 60 years old and later. Among the 153 patients, the IgG antibody positive rate of the patients with onset in December, January and February was the highest, reaching 60.71% and 66.67% respectively. The IgG antibody positive rate of the patients with onset in April September was lower（ χ2=14.366，P=0.021）. Conclusion The positive rate of IgG antibody in EHF patients in Dongguan was high, which was related to occupation, age and time of onset; It is necessary to strengthen vaccination for this group of people to improve the antibody immunity level.
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Objective:To investigate the related factors of perioperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) in inpatients of plastic surgery and to take individualized preventive measures to reduce the incidence of perioperative VTE in clinical practice.Methods:From January 2021 to June 2021, 127 patients without VTE were hospitalized in the Department of Plastic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, including 72 males and 55 females, aged 18-88 (62.2±14.0) years. The patients were divided into 23 cases in the VTE group and 104 cases in the non-VTE group according to whether VTE occurred in the perioperative period. The general data, etiology, underlying diseases, treatment modalities and blood indexes of the two groups were analyzed to summarize the independent influencing factors of VTE occurring in the perioperative period in plastic surgery.Results:Age, hypertension, diabetes, chronic skin ulcers, and length of surgery were risk factors associated with the development of perioperative VTE, (χ 2/ t=17.77, 8.24, 5.22, 25.55, 2.82, P<0.05). BMI ≥ 24 kg/m 2, general anaesthesia and short braking days were independent factors influencing the development of VTE in the perioperative period in plastic surgery inpatients, OR values were 8.908, 13.197, 0.042; P<0.05, respectively. Conclusions:BMI ≥ 24 kg/m 2 and general anaesthesia are the independent risk factors of plastic surgery in perioperative period developing VTE, short braking days is a protective factor against VTE in the perioperative period of plastic surgery. Clinicians should adequately assess the occurrence of perioperative VTE in plastic surgery inpatients and give early and individualized preventive measures.
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Introducción: Las enfermedades metaxénicas y zoonóticas, son consideradas prioridades nacionales de investigación en salud en Perú 2019-2023. De estas, los casos reportados por loxoscelismo han ido aumentando progresivamente. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados al conocimiento y medidas preventivas de mordedura de Loxosceles laeta en la población de la ENAPRES en el Perú 2017-2019. Métodos: Estudio de tipo observacional, transversal, analítico y retrospectivo, basado en la información de la ENAPRES. Resultados: Se analizó una muestra total de 285.354 personas. De estas, aquellos con 60 a más años (RPa=1,48; IC95%: 1,45-1,51), los costeños (RPa=1,37; IC95%: 1,33-1,40), las mujeres (RPa=1,12; IC95%: 1,11-1,13), con primaria o secundaria (RPa=1,12; IC95%: 1,09-1,15), con viviendas inadecuadas [techo (RPa=1,07; IC95%: 1,05-1,10), piso (RPa=1,02; IC95%: 1,00-1,04)], se asociaron con mayor posibilidad de tener más conocimiento sobre mordedura de L. laeta. Por otra parte, los encuestados de 60 a más años (RPa=1,49; IC95%: 1,46-1,52), los costeños (RPa=1,39; IC95%: 1,35-1,43), con estudios superiores no universitarios (RPa=1,19; IC95%: 1,15-1,22), las mujeres (RPa=1,13; IC95%: 1,12-1,14) y con viviendas con techos inadecuados (RPa=1,07; IC95%: 1,05-1,10) se asociaron con mayor posibilidad de realizar adecuadas medidas preventivas. En ambas, se halló asociación con el desechar los residuos orgánicos en calle o vía pública (RPa=0,97; IC95%: 0,96-0,99). Conclusiones: Se encontró aquellos factores asociados a conocimientos y a las medidas preventivas de mordedura de L. laeta.
Background: Metaxenic and zoonotic diseases are one of the ten national priorities for health research in Peru 2019-2023. Of these, the cases reported by loxoscelism have been increasing progressively. Aim: To determine the factors associated with the knowledge and preventive measures of Loxosceles laeta bite in the population of the ENAPRES in Peru 2017-2019. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional, analytical and retrospective study, based on information from ENAPRES. Results: A total sample of 285,354 people was analyzed. Of these, those aged 60 or over (PRa=1,48; 95%CI: 1,45-1,51), those from the coast (PRa=1,37; 95%CI: 1,33-1,40), women (PRa=1,12; 95%CI: 1,11-1,13), with primary or secondary education (PRa=1,12; 95%CI: 1,09-1,15), with inadequate housing [ceiling (PRa=1,07; 95%CI: 1,05-1,10), floor (PRa=1,02; 95%CI: 1,00-1,04)], were associated with higher possibility ofhaving more knowledge about L. laeta bite. On the other hand, those aged 60 or over (PRa=1,49; 95%CI: 1,46-1,52), those from the coast (PRa=1,39; 95%CI: 1,35-1,43), with non-university higher education (PRa=1,19; 95%CI: 1,15-1,22), women (PR a=1,13; 95%CI: 1,12-1,14) and with inadequate housing ceilings (PRa=1,07; 95%CI 1,05-1,10) were associated with a greater possibility of taking adequate preventive measures. In both, an association was found between disposing of organic waste on the street or on public roads (RPa=0.97; 95%CI: 0.96-0.99) Conclusions: It were found factors associated with knowledge and preventive for L. laeta bite.
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Abstract Background In Brazil, some local city government's adopted several measures, which probably had a positive impact on COVID-19 control. Objective To report the distribution of COVID-19 cases in Brazil, Rio de Janeiro state and Niterói city. In parallel, we aimed to demonstrate the preventive strategies adopted by Niterói city. Method Data provided by the Brazilian Ministry of Health and Municipal Health Foundation of Niterói were used to report COVID-19 cases and deaths. For some analysis, data were grouped by week and normalized for 100,000 inhabitants. Results By July 18th, 2020, Brazil reported 2,074,860 cases and 78,772 deaths and Rio de Janeiro state registered 135,230 cases and 11,919 deaths; both still presenting ascendant curves for COVID-19 deaths. In contrast, the rate of new deaths per 100,000 inhabitants is consistently lower in Niterói city. Importantly, we estimated that 712 deaths were prevented by the measures adopted by Niterói city, in comparison to which was observed in Rio de Janeiro. Conclusion The early preventive measures adopted in Niterói city were effective in reducing both the viral spread and rate of deaths. In this regard, this discussion could be relevant for making future decisions during the COVID-19 outbreak in Brazil.
Resumo Introdução No Brasil, algumas cidades adotaram várias medidas que provavelmente tiveram um impacto positivo no controle da Covid-19. Objetivo Relatar a distribuição dos casos de Covid-19 no Brasil, no estado do Rio de Janeiro e na cidade de Niterói. Paralelamente, buscamos demonstrar as estratégias preventivas adotadas pela cidade de Niterói para o controle da Covid-19. Método Dados fornecidos pelo Ministério da Saúde e Fundação Municipal de Saúde de Niterói foram usados para relatar o número de casos e óbitos causados pela Covid-19. Para algumas análises, os dados foram agrupados por semana e normalizados para 100.000 habitantes. Resultados Até 18 de julho de 2020, o Brasil registrou 2.074.860 casos e 78.772 mortes e o estado do Rio de Janeiro registrou 135.230 casos e 11.919 mortes; ambos ainda apresentando curvas ascendentes para mortes por Covid-19. Em contrapartida, a taxa de novos óbitos/100.000 habitantes é consistentemente menor na cidade de Niterói. Estimamos que 712 mortes foram evitadas pelas medidas adotadas pela cidade de Niterói, em comparação com o que foi observado no Rio de Janeiro. Conclusão As medidas preventivas adotadas pela cidade de Niterói foram eficazes na redução tanto da disseminação do vírus quanto da taxa de óbitos. Portanto, esta discussão se mostra relevante para a tomada de decisões futuras durante o surto de Covid-19 no Brasil.
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RESUMEN Introducción: Las arbovirosis constituyen un grave problema sanitario en el Perú. Un mayor conocimiento y participación de la población en actividades preventivas puede minimizar su impacto. Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de conocimientos y su relación con las medidas preventivas sobre arbovirosis en estudiantes universitarios de una zona endémica del Perú, septiembre a noviembre de 2020. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal, correlacional y con diseño no experimental. La población estuvo conformada por 325 estudiantes de tecnología médica y la muestra por 176 estudiantes de ambos sexos. El nivel de conocimiento se categorizó en deficiente, regular y alto. Mientras que las medidas preventivas se clasificaron en adecuadas e inadecuadas. El cuestionario contenía 23 preguntas de opción múltiple, validadas por juicio de expertos. Resultados: El 69,9 % de los estudiantes presentó un nivel de conocimientos regular, observándose medidas preventivas inadecuadas en el 44,3 %. Un 92,0 % de encuestados consideró que las arbovirosis son enfermedades graves, pero solo 10,2 % reconoció el signo de alarma del zika. Las principales medidas preventivas fueron: la fumigación (50,6 %) y el uso de repelentes (49,6 %). Además, el 92,6 % de estudiantes consideró importante eliminar los criaderos de mosquitos para evitar la propagación de los arbovirus. Sin embargo, solo el 51,1 % revisó la presencia de criaderos y limpió diaria e interdiariamente su domicilio (43,8 %). Conclusiones: El nivel de conocimientos fue regular y se relacionó con medidas preventivas inadecuadas como no revisar frecuentemente la presencia de criaderos de mosquitos ni realizar limpieza en las viviendas.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Arbovirus infections are a serious health problem in Peru. Higher population awareness and their participation in preventive activities can minimize their impact. Objective: Assessment on the level of knowledge and its relationship with preventive measures concerning arbovirus infections in university students in an endemic area of Peru, September to November 2020. Method: An observational, cross-sectional, correlational and non-experimental design study was carried out. The population consisted of 325 medical technology students and the sample consisted of 176 students of both sexes. The level of knowledge was categorized as deficient, regular and high. Preventive measures were classified as adequate and inadequate. The questionnaire contained 23 multiple-choice questions, validated by expert judgment. Results: The knowledge level in 69.9% of the students was fair, and inadequate preventive measures were observed in 44.3%. The 92.0% of surveyed personnel considered the arbovirus infection as a serious disease, but only 10.2% recognized the warning sign of zika. The main preventive measures were: fumigation (50.6%) and the use of repellents (49.6%). In addition, 92.6% of students considered as an important action the act to eliminate mosquito breeding sites in order to prevent the spread of infection. However, only 51.1% checked for the presence of breeding sites and cleaned their homes on a daily and inter-daily basis (43.8%). Conclusions: The level of knowledge was regular and was related to inadequate preventive measures such as not frequently checking for the presence of mosquito breeding sites and not cleaning houses.
RESUMO Introdução: As arboviroses constituem um grave problema de saúde no Peru. Maior conhecimento e participação da população em atividades preventivas podem minimizar seu impacto. Objetivo: avaliar o nível de conhecimento e sua relação com medidas preventivas sobre arboviroses em estudantes universitários em uma área endêmica do Peru, de setembro a novembro de 2020. Método: Estudo observacional, transversal, correlacional com desenho não experimental foi realizado. A população foi composta por 325 estudantes de tecnologia médica e a amostra por 176 estudantes de ambos os sexos. O nível de conhecimento foi categorizado em deficiente, regular e alto. Enquanto as medidas preventivas foram classificadas como adequadas e inadequadas. O questionário continha 23 questões de múltipla escolha, validadas por julgamento de especialistas. Resultados: 69,9% dos alunos apresentaram nível regular de conhecimento, observando medidas preventivas inadequadas em 44,3%. 92,0% dos pesquisados consideraram que as arboviroses são doenças graves, mas apenas 10,2% reconheceram o sinal de alerta do Zika. As principais medidas preventivas foram: fumigação (50,6%) e uso de repelentes (49,6%). Além disso, 92,6% dos alunos consideraram importante eliminar os criadouros do mosquito para evitar a propagação de arboviroses. No entanto, apenas 51,1% verificaram a presença de criadouros e limparam suas casas diariamente e em dias alternados (43,8%). Conclusões: O nível de conhecimento foi regular e relacionado a medidas preventivas inadequadas, como não verificar com frequência a presença de criadouros do mosquito ou limpeza das residências.
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La viruela símica es una enfermedad que ocurre en los monos, sin embargo también se han presentado casos en humanos desde 1970, transformándose en una zoonosis de origen viral, la sintomatología es similar a la viruela pero menos grave. Objetivo: Proporcionar información actualizada sobre la viruela símica, situación epidemiológica, sintomatología, letalidad, diagnóstico, tratamiento y medidas de prevención Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura científica en las bases de datos Organización Mundial de la Salud, Google Académico y PubMed, se eligieron los descriptores o palabras relacionadas con la enfermedad y se realizó la búsqueda para la descripción de reportes de casos y brotes producidas por la viruela símica. Resultados: Desde que se reportó el primer caso en humanos, han existido brotes en el continente africano, fuera de éste, se han reportados varios casos y brotes en otros países, la mayoría en los Estados Unidos. El último evento se reporta en mayo de 2022 y es de preocupación mundial, debido a la aparición en varios países no endémicos. Conclusiones: La presencia de casos de viruela símica en humanos se ha mantenido desde su aparición, la ausencia de un tratamiento específico y vacunas autorizadas para su administración, podrían generar un aumento en la morbimortalidad(AU)
Monkeypox is a disease that occurs in monkeys, however there have also been cases in humans since 1970, becoming a zoonosis of viral origin, the symptoms are similar to smallpox but less severe. Objective: To provide updated information on monkeypox, epidemiological situation, symptomatology, lethality, diagnosis, treatment and prevention measures. Materials and methods: A search of scientific literature was carried out in the World Health Organization, Google Scholar and PubMed databases. , the descriptors or words related to the disease were chosen and the search was performed for the description of case reports and outbreaks caused by monkeypox. Results: Since the first human case was reported, there have been outbreaks on the African continent, outside of Africa, several cases and outbreaks have been reported in other countries, most in the United States. The last event is reported in May 2022 and is of global concern, due to the appearance in several non-endemic countries. Conclusions: The presence of cases of monkeypox in humans has been maintained since its appearance, the absence of a specific treatment and vaccines authorized for its administration, could generate an increase in morbidity and mortality(AU)
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World Health Organization , Disease Outbreaks , PubMed , Monkeypox/diagnosis , Therapeutics , Vaccines , Epidemiology , Mortality , Viral ZoonosesABSTRACT
This study aims to assess the preventive measures and self?protective rights of employees at the workplace. A survey has been conducted in a steel and power industry of Angul district of Odisha (India) using a semi?structured interview schedule to assess the determinants of occupational hazards. Occupational health practices among 425 male workers were assessed from the steel and power industry using the population proportion to sample technique (PPS). Respondents from the higher educational background, skilled workers, Hindu religious group, general category, and employees with high?household income were significantly associated (P < 0.05) with self?protective rights at the workplace. Industrial workers are considered a vulnerable group with respect to the power of self?protective rights in the industry. The factors such as job insecurity, financial hardship, less education, and unskilled profession make them vulnerable, which forces them to settle with a lower level of rights at the workplace.
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Objective To preliminarily analyze the acute myocardial damage and important risk factors caused by sepsis in children in Qinghai, and analyze and discuss preventive measures on the basis of the foregoing. Methods The study selected 385 children with sepsis in our hospital from January 2016 to December 2020 and included 158 children with acute myocardial damage caused by sepsis (case group), and the remaining 227 cases (control group) were not seen Myocardial damage. The study collects basic information such as sociodemographic information of all children, and collects serum troponin I (cTnI) and CK-MB levels (determined by chemiluminescence method); as well as serum CRP levels and PCT levels. To compare and analyze the levels of related indexes in children with myocardial damage, and the differences from those in the control group. Then analyze and see the risk factors that are potentially associated with acute myocardial damage. Use SPSS statistical software package to analyze the data. cTnI enzyme-labeled immunoassay assay, reagents are provided by Nanjing Jidan Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; medicine is (0.00~0.01) μg/mL, cTnI level normal group (≤0.01 μg/mL) and cTnI level elevated group ( > 0.01 μg/mL) ); CK-MB>5 ng/mL is the positive standard for myocardial muscle injury; CRP medical reference value < 8mg/L, PCT< 0.1 ng/mL; CRP is detected by the turbidimetric method, and the instruments and reagents are manufactured by German Deling BNⅡ specific protein analyzer and original matching reagents. Pediatric Critical Case Score (PCIS) and Pediatric Death Risk Factor Score (PRISM Ⅲ) (evaluate twice, take the lowest value). Results In this study, the majority of male children were male, and the proportion of children with active myocardial damage had a higher proportion of low-grade fever. At the same time, the disease was more severe than the control group. It can be seen that the PCIS score is lower and the PRISM Ⅲ is higher. The difference is statistically significant. (P<0.05). The serum troponin I (cTnI), CK-MB, CRP, and PCT levels in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); the serum albumin levels were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant Scientific significance (P<0.05); the risk factor analysis was carried out with the presence of myocardial damage as the dependent variable, and the potential influencing factors as the independent variables (social demographic factors, basic conditions of hospitalization, levels of indicators related to myocardial damage, etc.). Including single factor analysis (adjustment for potential confounding factors) and multivariate analysis. The results showed that increased age, low fever, increased PCT, low albumin level ( ≤ 25g/L), and increased PRISMⅢ were risk factors for myocardial damage (P<0.05). Conclusions Acute myocardial damage caused by sepsis in children with sepsis can be seen in male children, and children with active myocardial damage have a higher proportion of low-grade fever. At the same time, the condition is more severe than that of the control group. It can be seen that the PCIS score is higher. Low, higher PRISMⅢ, and other significant characteristics; analysis of potential influencing factors suggests that increased age, low fever, increased PCT, low albumin levels, and increased PRISMⅢ are positively correlated with the increased risk of acute myocardial damage in children. Therefore, it is planned to be clinically 1. Pay attention to older children with low fever and more critically ill children; 2. Detect or monitor the levels of PCT and albumin in children to early warn the occurrence of myocardial damage; carry out necessary and timely warning and prevention.
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【Objective】 To investigate the high-risk groups and scenarios of adverse reactions to blood donation(ARBD) through statistical analysis of the incidence and distribution of ARBD in Beijing from 2017 to 2020, and discuss the preventive measures, so as to retain more regular blood donors with better service and blood donation experience. 【Methods】 The data of 1 047 036 voluntary blood donors during 2017 to 2020 were reviewed. The incidence of blood donation reactions was counted, and factors as gender, blood collection sites, blood group and number of blood donations were collected, the influencing factors of ARBD were analyzed to put forward targeted solutions. 【Results】 Among 1 047 036 blood donations in Beijing from 2017 to 2020, 2 163 (0.21%) developed ARBD. The incidence of ARBD in women was twice that in men, and was highest in age group 18 to 25 years old (47.8%, 1 034/2 163). In terms of blood donation sites, the incidence of ARBD was close under different blood donation environments, but ARBD occurred in mobile donation sites accounted for 65.51% (1 417/2 163). The incidence of ARBD in different blood types was basically the same, that of repeated blood donors was the lowest, and that of first-time blood donors accounted for 66.07% (1 429/2 163). The incidence of ARBD occurred within 30 minutes after blood donation was 43.64% (944/2 163), and it was dominated by systemic manifestations (Class B) (73.05%, 1 580 / 2 163). 【Conclusion】 Gender, age, blood donation sites, number of blood donations, occurrence time and ARBD categories were the influencing factors of ARBD. It is suggested to pay more attention to women, young and first-time blood donors, improve blood donation environment, and stay for 30 minutes after blood donation.
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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pathogen that causes novel coronavirus pneumonia. The SARS-CoV-2 mainly transmits through respiratory tract. However, RNA of this virus can be detected in blood samples of some infected cases. This paper herein reviewed the risk of transfusion transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and relevant preventive measures. The impact of SARS-CoV-2 endemic on blood supply and the corresponding strategy were also discussed in this article.
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Objective:To explore the risk factors of skin flap pigmentation after repairing skin and soft tissue defects of extremities using cutaneous neurovascular flap and to give some suggestions for prevention and treatment.Methods:From January 2013 to March 2020, 160 cases of extremities cutaneous nerve vascular flap with survival in Tangshan Second Hospital were retrospectively studied. According to the occurrence of pigmentation, they were divided into two groups: Group A (pigmentation group) and Group B (non-pigmentation group). The observation indexes included sex, age, injury cause, defect size, complete debridement, anastomosis of skin flap, sunscreen measures and postoperative infection. First, univariate analysis was carried out to screen the influencing factors of pigmentation in the cutaneous neurovascular flap, and then Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis to screen the risk factors.Results:The postoperative follow-up time was 12 to 24 months, with an average of 17.9 months. A total of 29 patients (18.1%) had skin flap pigmentation. Univariate analysis showed that there was no significant difference in sex, age, cause of injury and defect area between the two groups ( P>0.05). Further multivariate analysis showed that incomplete debridement, lack of venous anastomosis, failure to take sunscreen measures and postoperative infection were the risk factors of pigmentation of cutaneous neurovascular flap ( OR=0.310, 0.335, 0.355、5.878, 95% CI=0.112-0.863, 0.115-0.975, 0.133-0.949, 2.069-16.697, P<0.05). Conclusions:Incomplete debridement, lack of venous anastomosis, failure to take sunscreen measures and postoperative infection are the risk factors resulting in pigmentation of neurovascular flap. It is important to perform prevention to reduce the incidence of pigmentation.
ABSTRACT
La pandemia por COVID-19 ha evidenciado la deficiencia de los sistemas de salud en América Latina, exponiendo a la población al contagio en ondiciones de desprotección. Con la finalidad de disminuir la propagación del virus, en Perú se decretó la medida de cuarentena nacional con cese de casi todas las actividades, incluyendo clases presenciales en universidades, sugiriendo la necesidad de laborar de manera no presencial. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 248 estudiantes de dos universidades de la provincia de Huancayo, Perú. Para ello, se caracterizó sociodemográficamente 248 estudiantes de ambas universidades, se categorizaron las políticas educativas de acuerdo a los objetivos del plan de acción para centros de educación superior, se establecieron indicadores y se evaluó la eficacia de las políticas públicas educativas para mitigar la propagación del COVID-19 usando los indicadores: adecuación, coherencia, y eficiencia. Las políticas socializables y logísticas arrojaron una eficacia de 76,8% y 73%, respectivamente. La promoción del correcto lavado de manos, hábitos de protección al toser y estornudar y, mantenimiento del mobiliario y equipamiento resultaron en medidas eficaces, mientras que, el monitoreo y reporte de casos sospechosos con posibles síntomas, fue la más ineficaz. El estudio aporta información novel acerca de indicadores para evaluar las políticas públicas promovidas por el sistema educativo Peruano para la contención de la transmisión del COVID-19, en el marco del retorno a la modalidad semipresencial y constituye un material de referencia para la evaluación de protocolos sanitarios implementados en otras universidades(AU)
The COVID-19 pandemic has shown the deficiency of health systems in Latin America, exposing the population to contagion in unprotected onditions. In order to reduce the spread of the virus, in Peru a national quarantine measure was decreed with the cessation of almost all activities, including face-to-face classes at universities, suggesting the need to work in a non-face-to-face way. A descriptive study was carried out in 248 students from two universities in the province of Huancayo, Peru. To this end, 248 students from both universities were characterized sociodemographically, educational policies were categorized according to the objectives of the action plan for higher education centers, indicators were established and the effectiveness of public educational policies to mitigate the spread of the disease was evaluated. COVID-19 using the indicators: adequacy, coherence, and efficiency. Socializable and logistics policies yielded an effectiveness of 76.8% and 73%, respectively. The promotion of proper hand washing, coughing and sneezing protective habits, and maintenance of furniture and equipment turned out to be effective measures, while the monitoring and reporting of suspected cases with possible symptoms was the most ineffective. The study provides novel information about indicators to evaluate the public policies promoted by the Peruvian educational system for the containment of the transmission of COVID-19, within the framework of the return to the blended modality and constitutes a reference material for the evaluation of protocols health facilities implemented in other universities(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Universities , Quarantine , Education, Distance , COVID-19/prevention & control , Peru/epidemiology , Public Policy , Students , Health Systems , Hand Disinfection , Physical DistancingABSTRACT
Abstract Nowadays food borne illness is most common in people due to their epidemic nature. These diseases affect the human digestive system through bacteria, viruses and parasites. The agents of illness are transmitted in our body through various types of food items, water and uncooked. Pathogens show drastic changes in immunosuppressant people. This review gives general insights to harmful microbial life. Pakistan is a developed country and because of its improper food management, a lot of gastrointestinal problems are noted in many patients. Bacteria are most common agents to spread diarrhoea, villi infection, constipation and dysenteric disease in human and induce the rejection of organ transplant. Enhancement of their lifestyle, properly cooked food should be used and to overcome the outbreak of the diseases.
Resumo Hoje em dia, as doenças transmitidas por alimentos são mais comuns em pessoas devido à sua natureza epidêmica. Essas doenças afetam o sistema digestivo humano por meio de bactérias, vírus e parasitas. Os agentes das doenças são transmitidos em nosso corpo por meio de diversos tipos de alimentos, água e crus. Os patógenos mostram mudanças drásticas em pessoas imunossupressoras. Esta revisão fornece uma visão geral da vida microbiana prejudicial. O Paquistão é um país desenvolvido e, devido ao seu manejo alimentar inadequado, muitos problemas gastrointestinais são observados em muitos pacientes. As bactérias são os agentes mais comuns para espalhar diarreia, infecção de vilosidades, obstipação e doença disentérica em humanos e induzem a rejeição de transplantes de órgãos. Melhoria de seu estilo de vida, alimentos devidamente cozidos devem ser utilizados e para superar o aparecimento de doenças.
Subject(s)
Humans , Foodborne Diseases/epidemiology , Pakistan , Bacteria , DiarrheaABSTRACT
Abstract Nowadays food borne illness is most common in people due to their epidemic nature. These diseases affect the human digestive system through bacteria, viruses and parasites. The agents of illness are transmitted in our body through various types of food items, water and uncooked. Pathogens show drastic changes in immunosuppressant people. This review gives general insights to harmful microbial life. Pakistan is a developed country and because of its improper food management, a lot of gastrointestinal problems are noted in many patients. Bacteria are most common agents to spread diarrhoea, villi infection, constipation and dysenteric disease in human and induce the rejection of organ transplant. Enhancement of their lifestyle, properly cooked food should be used and to overcome the outbreak of the diseases.
Resumo Hoje em dia, as doenças transmitidas por alimentos são mais comuns em pessoas devido à sua natureza epidêmica. Essas doenças afetam o sistema digestivo humano por meio de bactérias, vírus e parasitas. Os agentes das doenças são transmitidos em nosso corpo por meio de diversos tipos de alimentos, água e crus. Os patógenos mostram mudanças drásticas em pessoas imunossupressoras. Esta revisão fornece uma visão geral da vida microbiana prejudicial. O Paquistão é um país desenvolvido e, devido ao seu manejo alimentar inadequado, muitos problemas gastrointestinais são observados em muitos pacientes. As bactérias são os agentes mais comuns para espalhar diarreia, infecção de vilosidades, obstipação e doença disentérica em humanos e induzem a rejeição de transplantes de órgãos. Melhoria de seu estilo de vida, alimentos devidamente cozidos devem ser utilizados e para superar o aparecimento de doenças.
Subject(s)
Food Microbiology , Food Parasitology , Disease PreventionABSTRACT
Resumo Objetivou-se verificar a adesão às medidas de prevenção em idosos com maior predisposição a formas graves de COVID-19 e sua associação e interação com o apoio social. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado em amostra de 3.477 participantes do inquérito telefônico do Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros (iniciativa ELSI-COVID-19), que informaram ter saído de casa na semana anterior à realização do inquérito. A adesão foi aferida pela frequência com que saiu de casa, necessidade de sair de casa, uso de máscara e higienização das mãos. As análises basearam-se no modelo Poisson com variância robusta. Idade ≥ 65 anos, hipertensão, diabetes e obesidade foram considerados fatores predisponentes para formas graves de COVID-19. O apoio social incluiu o arranjo domiciliar e a conexão social na pandemia. Aproximadamente 46% apresentaram melhor adesão, que foi associada positivamente ao número de fatores predisponentes para formas graves. O apoio social não foi associado à adesão e não modificou essa associação, após ajustamentos. Conclui-se que a adesão às medidas de prevenção, que deveria ser estendida a todos, está concentrada nos idosos com maior predisposição a formas graves de COVID-19, independentemente do apoio social.
Abstract This study sought to assess the adherence to preventive measures among the elderly more prone to severe forms of COVID-19, and the association and interaction with social support. It is a cross-sectional study conducted with a sample of 3,477 participants of the telephone survey of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-COVID-19 initiative), who reported going out of the home in the past week. The adherence was based on the frequency of leaving the house, the need to venture outside the home, use of masks, and sanitization of hands. Statistical analysis was based on the Poisson model with robust variance. Predisposing factors for severe forms of COVID-19 included age ≥65 years, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Social support included living arrangements and social distancing during the pandemic. Approximately 46% of the participants showed higher adherence, which was positively associated with the number of predisposing factors for severe forms of COVID-19. Social support was not associated with adherence, nor was this association modified after adjustments. The conclusion drawn is that higher adherence is concentrated among the elderly with greater predisposition to severe forms of COVID-19, irrespective of social support, albeit preventive measures should be adopted by all.